The present study describes the synthesis of lanthanum and cerium oxide (La 2 O 3 and CeO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) based on eco-friendly approach using Ficus religiosa leaves extract. The synthesized NPs have been characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Visible and FT-IR spectroscopy, and PXRD. The surface morphology and shape of the NPs have been determined using advanced imaging techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) revealing that the NPs possessed predominantly spherical and rod-like shapes. Additionally, the surface area covered by NPs has been calculated using BET analysis and it shows an increment from a value of 7.243 m 2  g –1 to 45.144 m 2  g –1 and peak pore volume increases from 0.0743 cm 3  g –1 to 0.1904 cm 3  g –1 . The antibacterial activity of NPs has been evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showing significant activity. Finally, the hemolytic and antioxidant activity of NPs have been assessed and have demonstrated their efficacy suggesting their potential applications.